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Almost every man alive can trace his origins to one man who lived about 135,000 year ago , new inquiry suggests . And that ancient man likely shared the planet with the mother of all charwoman .
The finding , detailed today ( Aug. 1 ) in the daybook Science , come from the most complete analysis of the male sexchromosome , or the Y chromosome , to date . The results lift earlier inquiry , which suggested that men ’s most late common antecedent dwell just 50,000 to 60,000 years ago .
An illustration of a chromosome
Despite their overlap in meter , ancient " Adam " and ancient " Eve " probably did n’t even live near each other , let alone married person . [ The 10 Biggest Mysteries of the First Humans ]
" Those two people did n’t eff each other , " said Melissa Wilson Sayres , a geneticist at the University of California , Berkeley , who was not involve in the field of study .
Tracing history
Researchers consider thatmodern humans left Africabetween 60,000 and 200,000 years ago , and that the mother of all women likely emerged from East Africa . But beyond that , the item get hazy .
The Y chromosome is passed down identically from father to son , so mutations , or point changes , in the manful sexual urge chromosome can line the manful line back to the Fatherhood of all humans . By dividing line , DNA from the mitochondria , the vitality human dynamo of the cell , is carried inside the egg , so only women give it on to their children . The DNA hide inside mitochondria , therefore , can bring out the paternal stock to an ancient Eve .
But over clip , the manly chromosome gets bloated with duplicate , jumble - up stretch of DNA , said study co - author Carlos Bustamante , a geneticist at Stanford University in California . As a result , patch together fragments of desoxyribonucleic acid from gene sequence was like seek to assemble a puzzle without the image on the box top , making thorough analysis unmanageable .
Y chromosome
Bustamante and his colleague assembled a much bigger piece of the puzzle by sequencing the entire genome of theY chromosomefor 69 man from seven global universe , from African San Bushmen to the Yakut of Siberia .
By feign a mutation rate anchored to archaeologic events ( such as the migration of people across the Bering Strait ) , the squad concluded that all male in their global sample distribution shared a single male ancestor in Africa rough 125,000 to 156,000 years ago .
In gain , mitochondrial DNA from the adult male , as well as like sample from 24 women , revealed that all adult female on the planet trace back to amitochondrial Eve , who live in Africa between 99,000 and 148,000 year ago — almost the same fourth dimension period during which the Y - chromosome Adam survive .
More ancient Adam
But the termination , though fascinating , are just part of the account , said Michael Hammer , an evolutionary geneticist at the University of Arizona who was not affect in the study .
A separate subject in the same issue of the journal Science found that men shared a vulgar ancestor between 180,000 and 200,000 years ago .
And in a study detail in March in the American Journal of Human Genetics , Hammer ’s group show that several men in Africa have singular , divergent Y chromosomes that trace back to an even more ancient humankind who lived between 237,000 and 581,000 years ago . [ ravel out the Human Genome : 6 Molecular Milestones ]
" It does n’t even fit on the kinsperson tree that the Bustamante science laboratory has constructed — It ’s older , " Hammer told LiveScience .
cistron studies always rely on a sampling of DNA and , therefore , furnish an uncomplete impression of human account . For instance , Hammer ’s mathematical group sampled a different radical of human than Bustamante ’s science lab did , direct to different estimates of how one-time common ascendent really are .
Adam and Eve ?
These primeval people are n’t parallel to thebiblical Adam and Eve . They were n’t the first innovative man on the planet , but instead just the two out of thousands of multitude live at the clock time with kept manlike or distaff stock that continue on today .
The repose of the human genome contains tiny snippet of DNA from many other antecedent — they just do n’t show up in mitochondrial or Y - chromosome DNA , Hammer said . ( For case , if an ancient woman had only sons , then her mitochondrial DNA would go away , even though the Logos would pass on a quarter of her DNA via the rest of his genome . )
As a follow - up , Bustamante ’s lab is sequence Y chromosomes from most 2,000 other men . Those data could help pinpoint precisely where in Africa these ancient humans lived .
" It ’s very exciting , " Wilson Sayres told LiveScience . " As we get more populations across the world , we can lead off to empathise on the button where we came from physically . "
